AEC SOL Notes

Ability Enhancement (AEC) Resources

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🌱 Environmental Science (EVS) +

AEC 1: Environmental Science Theory into Practice I

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UNIT – I: Introduction to Environmental Studies

•Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies; components of environment: atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere

•Scope and importance; Concept of sustainability and sustainable development; Brief history of environmentalism

UNIT – II: Ecosystems

•Definition and concept of Ecosystem

•Structure of ecosystem (biotic and abiotic components); Functions of Ecosystem: Physical (energy flow), Biological (food chains, food web, ecological succession), and Biogeochemical (nutrient cycling) processes. Concepts of productivity, ecological pyramids and homeostasis

•Types of Ecosystems: Tundra, Forest, Grassland, Desert, Aquatic (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries); importance and threats with relevant examples from India

•Ecosystem services (Provisioning, Regulating, Cultural, and Supporting); Ecosystem preservation and conservation strategies; Basics of Ecosystem restoration

UNIT – III: Natural Resources

•Land resources: Minerals, soil, agricultural crops, natural forest products, medicinal plants, and forest-based industries and livelihoods; Land cover, land use change, land degradation, soil erosion, and desertification; Causes of deforestation; Impacts of mining and dam building on environment, forests, biodiversity, and tribal communities

•Water resources: Natural and man-made sources; Uses of water; Over exploitation of surface and ground water resources; Floods, droughts, and international & inter-state conflicts over water

•Energy resources: Renewable and non-renewable energy sources; Use of alternate energy sources; Growing energy needs; Energy contents of coal, petroleum, natural gas and bio gas; Agro-residues as a biomass energy source

•Case studies: Contemporary Indian issues related to mining, dams, forests, energy, etc

UNIT – IV: Environmental Pollution and Control

•Environmental pollution (Air, water, soil, thermal, and noise): causes, effects, and controls; Primary and secondary air pollutants; Air and water quality standards

•Nuclear hazards and human health risks

•Solid waste management: Control measures for various types of urban, industrial waste, Hazardous waste, E-waste, etc; Waste segregation and disposal

•Pollution control measures: Introduction to legal, biological, and physico-chemical methods; Role in sustainability

•Pollution case studies: Ganga Action plan (GAP), Delhi air pollution and public health issues, Plastic waste management rules, Bhopal gas tragedy, etc

AEC 2: Environmental Science Theory into Practice II

DU SOL Notes

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UNIT – I: Introduction to Environmental Studies

•Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies; components of environment: atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere

•Scope and importance; Concept of sustainability and sustainable development; Brief history of environmentalism

UNIT – II: Ecosystems

•Definition and concept of Ecosystem

•Structure of ecosystem (biotic and abiotic components); Functions of Ecosystem: Physical (energy flow), Biological (food chains, food web, ecological succession), and Biogeochemical (nutrient cycling) processes. Concepts of productivity, ecological pyramids and homeostasis

•Types of Ecosystems: Tundra, Forest, Grassland, Desert, Aquatic (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries); importance and threats with relevant examples from India

•Ecosystem services (Provisioning, Regulating, Cultural, and Supporting); Ecosystem preservation and conservation strategies; Basics of Ecosystem restoration

UNIT – III: Natural Resources

•Land resources: Minerals, soil, agricultural crops, natural forest products, medicinal plants, and forest-based industries and livelihoods; Land cover, land use change, land degradation, soil erosion, and desertification; Causes of deforestation; Impacts of mining and dam building on environment, forests, biodiversity, and tribal communities

•Water resources: Natural and man-made sources; Uses of water; Over exploitation of surface and ground water resources; Floods, droughts, and international & inter-state conflicts over water

•Energy resources: Renewable and non-renewable energy sources; Use of alternate energy sources; Growing energy needs; Energy contents of coal, petroleum, natural gas and bio gas; Agro-residues as a biomass energy source

•Case studies: Contemporary Indian issues related to mining, dams, forests, energy, etc

UNIT – IV: Environmental Pollution and Control

•Environmental pollution (Air, water, soil, thermal, and noise): causes, effects, and controls; Primary and secondary air pollutants; Air and water quality standards

•Nuclear hazards and human health risks

•Solid waste management: Control measures for various types of urban, industrial waste, Hazardous waste, E-waste, etc; Waste segregation and disposal

•Pollution control measures: Introduction to legal, biological, and physico-chemical methods; Role in sustainability

•Pollution case studies: Ganga Action plan (GAP), Delhi air pollution and public health issues, Plastic waste management rules, Bhopal gas tragedy, etc

🇮🇳 Hindi +

AEC 1: Hindi A (Bhasha Samprekshan Aur Sanchaar)

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इकाई 1: सम्प्रेषण : सामान्य परिचय

•सम्प्रेषण की अवधारणा

•सम्प्रेषण की प्रक्रिया

•सम्प्रेषण के विविध आयाम

•सम्प्रेषण और संचार

इकाई 2 : सम्प्रेषण और संचार के विविध रूप

•सम्प्रेषण के प्रकार

•सर्वेक्षण आधारित रिपोर्ट तैयार करना

•अनुच्छेद लेखन, संवाद लेखन, डायरी लेखन

•ब्लॉग लेखन, सम्पादकीय लेखन

AEC 2: Hindi B (Aupcharik Lekhan)

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इकाई - 1: लेखन दक्षता का विकास

•कार्यालयी हिन्दी

•व्यावसायिक हिन्दी

•टिप्पण और प्रारूपण : सामान्य परिचय

•प्रतिवेदन और विज्ञप्ति का महत्व

इकाई - 2 : औपचारिक लेखन के प्रकार

•स्ववृत्त लेखन

•सूचना के अधिकार के लिए लेखन

•कार्यालयी और व्यावसायिक पत्र लेखन

•किसी व्यावसायिक कार्यक्रम के संदर्भ में प्रेस विज्ञप्ति तैयार करना

AEC 3: Hindi C (Social Media Aur Blog Lekhan)

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इकाई 1. सोशल मीडिया और ब्लॉग

•सोशल मीडिया : अर्थ और परिभाषा

•सोशल मीडिया का प्रभाव और महत्व

•सोशल मीडिया के प्रकार (विकिपीडिया, ब्लॉग, सोशल नेटवर्किंग साइट्स, ट्विटर, यूट्यूब, इन्स्टाग्राम आदि)

•ब्लॉग लेखन : सामान्य परिचय

इकाई 2: सोशल मीडिया का व्यावहारिक पक्ष

•किसी सामाजिक अभियान के प्रचार के लिए सोशल मीडिया हेतु एक विज्ञापन तैयार करना

•अपना निजी ब्लॉग तैयार करने की प्रक्रिया

•सोशल मीडिया से बनने वाली किसी खबर पर रिपोर्ट तैयार करना

•सोशल मीडिया से सम्बन्धित विविध विषयों पर आलेख तैयार करना

🕉️ Sanskrit +

AEC 1: Sanskrit A (Advance Neeti Literature)

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Unit: I

•Origin and development of Nītikāvya: Kathāsaritsāgara, Paňcatantra, Hitopadeśa, Cāņakyanīti.

Unit: II

•Pancatantra, First Story, Verses: 1-35 (Translation, Explanation and Grammar)

AEC 1: Sanskrit B (Introductory Upanishad and Geeta)

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Unit: I

•General Introduction to Upanisads

•Text Introduction to Ishavasyopanishad- Karma, Vidya-Avidya, Satya, Atman

Unit: II

•Introduction to Geeta: Background, Purpose, Gyanyoga, Karmayoga, Bhaktiyoga

AEC 1: Sanskrit C (Introduction to Sanskrit Language)

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Unit: I

•Basic Sanskrit Sentence Formation (Active Voice) using the following:

•कारक एवं विभक्ति : कर्ता , कर्म एवं करण

•वचन एवं लिङ्ग

•शब्दरूप : राम , बालक , लता , अस्मद् , युष्मद् , तत् , इदम् , किम् , सर्व , हरि , मति , जल , फल , पुष्प , ज्ञान , भोजन , धन , गुरु

•क्रियारूप : निम्नलिखित धातुओं का केवल लट् , लृट् एवं लङ् लकार में रूप : भू , पठ् , लिख् , खाद् , चल् , गम् ( गच्छ् ), हस् , वद् , पा ( पिब् ), अस् , गै ( गाय ), भ्रम ् , स्था ( तिष्ठ् ), दृ श् ( पश्य ् ), पच् , वर्ष , दा ( यच्छ् )

•शब्दकोश : संस्कृत सामान्य शब्दों के लिए शब्दकोश (यत्र , तत्र , कुत्र , श्व , अद्य , कथम् , यथा , तथा , च , अथवा)

Unit: II

•व्यावहारिक वाक्य संरचना

☪️ Urdu & Punjabi +

AEC 1: Punjabi (Elementary Level)

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Unit-I: ਿਲਪੀ ਬੋਧ (Lipi Bodh)

•ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਿਲਪੀ ਨਾਲ ਮੁਢਲੀ ਜਾਣ - ਪਛਾਣ (Gurmukhi Lipi naal Mudhli Jaan-Pachhaan)

•ਪਤੀ ਅੱਖਰੀ ਅਤੇ ਪੈਰ ਿਬੰਦੀ ਵਾਲੇ ਵਰਨ ਦਾ ਉਚਾਰਨ ਅਤੇ ਸੁੰਦਰ ਿਲਖਾਈ ਦਾ ਅਿਭਆਸ (Painti Akhri ate Pair-bindi vale varnada Ucharan ate Sunder Likhai da Abhiyaas)

•ਲਗ - ਮਾਤਰਾਵ ਅਤੇ ਲਗਾਖਰ ਦੀ ਵਰਤ (Lagan-Matravan ate Lgakhran di Varton)

Unit-II: ਸ਼ਬਦ ਬੋਧ (Shabad Bodh)

•ਿਬਨਾ ਲਗ ਵਾਲੇ, ਇਕ ਲਗ ਵਾਲੇ, ਦੋ ਲਗ ਅਤੇ ਦੋ ਤ ਵੱਧ ਲਗ ਵਾਲੇ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਦਾ ਉਚਾਰਨ ਅਤੇ ਿਲਖਣ ਅਿਭਆਸ (Binan Lag Vale, Ik Lag Vale, Do Lag Vale ate Do ton vadh lag Vale Shabadan da Ucharan ate Likhan Abhiyaas)

•ਿਲੰਗ ਅਤੇ ਵਚਨ ਦੀ ਵਰਤ (Ling ate Vachan di Varton)

•ਅਗੇਤਰ ਅਤੇ ਿਪਛੇਤਰ ਦੀ ਵਰਤ (Agetar ate Pichhetar di Varton)

Unit III: ਅਰਥ ਬੋਧ (Arth Bodh)

•ਸਮ, ਿਦਨ, ਦੇਸੀ ਮਹੀਿਨਆਂ, ਰੁੱਤ, ਿਦਸ਼ਾਵ, ਿਗਣਤੀ, ਜਾਨਵਰ, ਪੰਛੀਆਂ, ਕੀੜੇ - ਮਕੌੜੇ, ਸਰੀਰ ਦੇ ਅੰਗ, ਸਬਜ਼ੀਆਂ, ਫਲ ਨਾਲ ਸਬੰਧਤ ਸ਼ਬਦਾਵਲੀ ਦਾ ਉਚਾਰਨ ਅਤੇ ਿਲਖਣ ਅਿਭਆਸ (Samey, Dinan, Desi Mahinian, Ruttan, Dishaavan, Ginti, Janavran, Panchhian, Keerhe- Makaurhe, Sareer de Angaan, Sabziaan, Phalaan naal Sambandhat Shabdaavli da Ucharan ate likhan Abhiyaas)

•ਘਰ ਦੇ ਕੰਮ - ਧੰਦੇ, ਰਸੋਈ ਦਾ ਸਮਾਨ, ਪਿਹਰਾਵੇ, ਖਾਣ - ਪੀਣ, ਲੋਕ ਿਕੱਿਤਆਂ, ਖੇਤੀ - ਬਾੜੀ, ਿਤੱਥ - ਿਤਉਹਾਰ, ਦਰੱ ਖਤ ਨਾਲ ਸੰਬੰਧਤ ਸ਼ਬਦਾਵਲੀ ਦਾ ਉਚਾਰਨ ਅਤੇ ਿਲਖਣ ਅਿਭਆਸ (Ghar de Kamm-Dhande, Rasoi da Samaan, Pehraave, Khaan-Peen, Lok Kittean, Kheti- Barhi, Tithaan-Teoharan, Darakhtaan naal Sambandhat Shabdaavli da Ucharan ate likhan Abhiyaas)

•ਸਮਾਨਾਰਥਕ ਸ਼ਬਦ, ਿਵਰੋਧਾਰਥਕ ਸ਼ਬਦ, ਬਹੁਅਰਥਕ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਅਤੇ ਬਹੁਤੇ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਦੀ ਥ ਇਕ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਦਾ ਉਚਾਰਨ ਅਤੇ ਿਲਖਣ ਅਿਭਆਸ (Samanarthak Shabad, Virodharthak Shabad, Bahuarthak Shabad ate Bahute Shabdan di thaan ik Shabad da Ucharan ate likhan Abhiyaas)

Unit IV: ਵਾਕ ਬੋਧ (Vaak Bodh)

•ਸਧਾਰਨ ਵਾਕ, ਪਸ਼ਨ ਵਾਚਕ ਵਾਕ ਅਤੇ ਨਹ ਵਾਚਕ ਵਾਕ ਦੀ ਪਛਾਣ ਅਤੇ ਿਲਖਣ ਦਾ ਅਿਭਆਸ (Sadharan Vaak, Prashan Vaachak Vaak ate Nahn Vaachak Vaak di Pachhaan ate Likhan da Abhiyaas)

•ਆਮ ਬੋਲ - ਚਾਲ, ਦਫ਼ਤਰੀ ਕੰਮ - ਕਾਜ, ਖ਼ਰੀਦੋ - ਫ਼ਰੋਖਤ ਨਾਲ ਸੰਬੰਧਤ ਸੰਵਾਦ ਦਾ ਵਾਕ ਿਲਖਣ ਅਿਭਆਸ (Aam Bol-chal, Daftri Kamm-kaaj, Kharido-Pharokhat naal Sambandhat Sanvaad da Vaak Likhan Abhiyaas)

•ਸ਼ੁੱਧ ਵਾਕ ਿਲਖਣ ਦਾ ਅਿਭਆਸ (Shudh Vaak Likhan da Abhiyaas)

AEC 2: Punjabi (Advanced Level)

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Unit-I: ਸ਼ਬਦ ਸ਼ੇਣੀਆਂ (Shabad Shrenian)

•ਨਵ, ਪੜਨਵ ਅਤੇ ਿਵਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਣ ਨਾਲ ਜਾਣ - ਪਛਾਣ (Naav, Parhnaav ate Visheshan naal Jaan-Pachhaan)

•ਿਕਿਰਆ, ਿਕਿਰਆ - ਿਵਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਣ ਨਾਲ ਜਾਣ - ਪਛਾਣ (Kirya, Kirya-Visheshan naal Jaan-Pachhaan)

•ਸੰਬੰਧਕ ਅਤੇ ਯੋਜਕ ਨਾਲ ਜਾਣ - ਪਛਾਣ (Sambandhak ate Yojak naal Jaan-Pachhaan)

Unit-II: ਸ਼ਬਦ ਰਚਨਾ (Shabad Rachna)

•ਸਧਾਰਨ ਸ਼ਬਦ (ਕੋਸ਼ੀ ਅਤੇ ਿਵਆਕਰਨਕ ਸ਼ਬਦ) ਅਤੇ ਿਮਸ਼ਿਰਤ ਸ਼ਬਦ (ਧਾਤੂ + ਵਧੇਤਰ) (Sadharan Shabad (Koshi ate Viakarnik Shabad) ate Mishrit Shabad (Dhatu +Vadhetar))

•ਸਮਾਸੀ ਸ਼ਬਦ (Samasi Shabad)

•ਸੌਗਾਤੀ ਸ਼ਬਦ (ਤਤਸਮ : ਸੰਸਿਕਤ, ਅਰਬੀ - ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ ਅਤੇ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ, ਤਦਭਵ : ਸੰਸਿਕਤ, ਅਰਬੀ - ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ ਅ ਤੇ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ) (Sugaati Shabad (Tatsam: Sanskrit, Arbi-Faarsi ate Angrezi, Tadbhav: Sanskrit, Arbi- Faarsi ate Angrezi))

Unit III: ਸ਼ਬਦ ਜੋੜ ਦੇ ਿਨਯਮ (Shabad Jorhaan de Niyam)

•ਅੰਿਤਮ ਸਿਥਤੀ ਿਵੱਚ (ੳ, ਅ ਅਤੇ ੲ) ਦੀ ਵਰਤ (Antim Sathiti vich (Ura, Aira ate Iri) di varton)

•(ਨ), (ਣ) ਅਤੇ (ਯ), (ਵ) ਦੀ ਵਰਤ ((Nanna), (Nana) ate (yayya), (Vava) di varton)

•(ਹ, ਰ ਅਤੇ ਵ) ਦੀ ਪੈਰ ਿਚੰਨ ਵਜ ਵਰਤ ((Haha, Rara ate Vava) di Pair Chinh Vajon Varton)

Unit IV: ਵਾਕ ਵਟਦਰਾ (Vaak Vatnadra)

•ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਦਾ ਵਾਕ ਪਬੰਧ : ਮੁਢਲੀ ਜਾਣ - ਪਛਾਣ (Punjabi Bhasha da Vaak Parbandh: Mudhli Jaan-Pachhaan)

•ਸਧਾਰਨ ਵਾਕ ਤ ਪਸ਼ਨ ਵਾਚਕ ਅਤੇ ਆਿਗਆਵਾਚਕ ਿਵੱਚ ਵਾਕ ਵਟਦਰਾ (Sadharan Vaak ton Prashan Vachak ate Aagiavachak vich Vaak Vatandra)

•ਸਧਾਰਨ ਵਾਕ ਤ ਨਹ ਵਾਚਕ ਅਤੇ ਹ ਵਾਚਕ ਿਵੱਚ ਵਾਕ ਵਟਦਰਾ (Sadharan Vaak ton Nahn Vachak ate Haan vachak vich Vaak Vatandra)

AEC 1: Urdu A

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UNIT-I- Hissa-e-Nasr

•Ghalib key Khotut (Ghalib)

•Aik Khutba-e-Sadarat (Maulana Abul Kalam Azad)

•Poos ki Raat (Parem Chand)

UNIT-II- Hissa-e-Nazm (Gazaliayat)

•Mir Taqi Mir: Hasti Apni Habab ki si hai; Chalte ho to chaman ko chaliye suntey hain ki baharaan hai

•Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib: Aah ko chahiye ek umr asar hone tak; Nokta chin hai gham-e-dil usko sunayen na baney

•Momin Khan Momin: Agar ghaflat se baazaaya jafaki; Asar usko zra nahi hota

UNIT-III- Hissa-e-Nazm (Manzoomat)

•Banjara Nama (Nazeer Akbarabadi)

•Murgh-e-Aseer ki nasihat (Daya Shankar Nasim)

•Taraqqi ki rahein (Maulan Altaf Husain Hali)

UNIT-IV- Qawaa-e-d

•Tashbih, Isteaarah, Sanaat-e-Tazaad, Sanaat-e-Talmeeh, Sanaat-e-Husn-e-Taalil, Sanaat-e-Moraat-un-Nazeer, Sanaat-e-Tajnees, Sanaat-e-Laff-o-Nashr

AEC 1: Urdu B

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UNIT-I- Hissa-e-Nasr

•Ghalib key Khotut (Ghalib)

•Aik Khutba-e-Sadarat (Maulana Abul Kalam Azad)

•Poos ki Raat (Parem Chand)

UNIT-II- Hissa-e-Nazm (Gazaliayat)

•Mir Taqi Mir: Hasti Apni Habab ki si hai; Chalte ho to chaman ko chaliye suntey hain ki baharaan hai

•Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib: Aah ko chahiye ek umr asar hone tak; Nokta chin hai gham-e-dil usko sunayen na baney

•Momin Khan Momin: Agar ghaflat se baazaaya jafaki; Asar usko zra nahi hota

UNIT-III- Hissa-e-Nazm (Manzoomat)

•Banjara Nama (Nazeer Akbarabadi)

•Murgh-e-Aseer ki nasihat (Daya Shankar Nasim)

•Taraqqi ki rahein (Maulan Altaf Husain Hali)

UNIT-IV- Qawaa-e-d

•Tashbih, Isteaarah, Sanaat-e-Tazaad, Sanaat-e-Talmeeh, Sanaat-e-Husn-e-Taalil, Sanaat-e-Moraat-un-Nazeer, Sanaat-e-Tajnees, Sanaat-e-Laff-o-Nashr

🗣️ Indian Languages (Translation & Interpretation) Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Santali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Maithili

+

AEC A I: Translation and Interpretation in Assamese

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Unit -I: Translation and Interpretation: Introduction

•Basic requirements: Knowledge of SL and TL, grammar, vocabulary, usages, and sentence structures

•Types: Literary, administrative, legal, technical, and others

•Target groups: Translation - Readers from different fields, Interpretation – Person/group from different profession

Unit -II

•Methods of Translation and Interpretation

•Review of sample translations

Unit -III

•Practical Translation: Assamese to other languages and vice versa

•Interpretation practice: Assamese to other languages and vice versa

AEC A I: Translation and Interpretation in Bengali

DU SOL Notes

5.8 MB

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Unit -I: Translation and Interpretation: Introduction

•Basic requirements: Knowledge of SL and TL, grammar, vocabulary, usages, and sentence structures

•Types: Literary and Non-Literary

•Target groups: Translation - Readers from different fields, Interpretation – Person/group from different profession

Unit -II

•Methods of Translation and Interpretation

Unit -III

•Practical Translation: Bengali to other languages and vice versa

AEC A I: Translation and Interpretation in Bodo

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Unit -I: Translation and Interpretation: Introduction

•Basic requirements: Knowledge of SL and TL, grammar, vocabulary, usages, and sentence structures

•Types: Literary, administrative, legal, technical, and others

•Target groups: Translation - Readers from different fields, Interpretation – Person/group from different profession

Unit -II

•Methods of Translation and Interpretation

•Review of sample translations

Unit -III

•Practical Translation: Bodo to other languages and vice versa

•Interpretation practice: Bodo to other languages and vice versa

AEC A I: Translation and Interpretation in Dogri

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Unit -I: Translation and Interpretation: Introduction

•Basic requirements: Knowledge of SL and TL, grammar, vocabulary, usages, and sentence structures

•Types: Literary, administrative, legal, technical, and others

•Target groups: Translation - Readers from different fields, Interpretation – Person/group from different profession

Unit -II

•Methods of Translation and Interpretation

•Review of sample translations

Unit -III

•Practical Translation: Dogri to other languages and vice versa

•Interpretation practice: Dogri to other languages and vice versa

AEC A I: Translation and Interpretation in Gujarati

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Unit -I Translation and Interpretation: An introduction

•advantages of the translation: An art, A craft, A profession, An avenue of career

•Basic requirements: Knowledge of the source language and the target language

•basic grammar, vocabulary, usages and syntax

•Target groups: Translation - Readers from different fields, Interpretation – for various purposes and people

Unit -II Translation: types, texts and practical Problems

•Translation: technicalities, techniques, transliteration

•Translation and interpretation: building a bridge between

•Challenges and choice in translating a text

•A few case studies

Unit -III Practical and Machine Translation and Interpretation practice

•Applied Translation: Gujarati to other languages and vice versa

•Interpretation of ideas: Gujarati to other languages and vice versa

AEC A I: Translation and Interpretation in Kannada

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Unit -I: Translation and Interpretation: Introduction

•Basic requirements: Knowledge of SL and TL, grammar, vocabulary, usages, and sentence structures

•Types: Literary, administrative, legal, technical, and others

•Target groups: Translation - Readers from different fields, Interpretation – Person/group from different profession

Unit -II

•Methods of Translation and Interpretation

•Review of sample translations

Unit -III

•Practical Translation: Kannada to other languages and vice versa

•Interpretation practice: Kannada to other languages and vice versa

AEC A I: Translation and Interpretation in Kashmiri

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Unit -I: Translation and Interpretation: Introduction

•Basic requirements: Knowledge of SL and TL, grammar, vocabulary, usages, and sentence structures

•Types: Literary and Non-Literary

•Target groups: Translation - Readers from different fields, Interpretation – Person/group from different profession

Unit -II

•Methods of Translation and Interpretation

Unit -III

•Practical Translation: Kashmiri to other languages and vice versa

AEC A I: Translation and Interpretation in Konkani

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Unit -I: Translation and Interpretation: Introduction

•Basic requirements: Knowledge of SL and TL, grammar, vocabulary, usages, and sentence structures

•Types: Literary, administrative, legal, technical, and others

•Target groups: Translation - Readers from different fields, Interpretation – Person/group from different profession

Unit -II

•Methods of Translation and Interpretation

•Review of sample translations

Unit -III

•Practical Translation: Konkani to other languages and vice versa

•Interpretation practice: Konkani to other languages and vice versa

AEC A I: Translation and Interpretation in Malayalam

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Unit -I: Translation and Interpretation: Introduction

•Basic requirements: Knowledge of SL and TL, grammar, vocabulary, usages, and sentence structures

•Types: Literary, administrative, legal, technical, and others

•Target groups: Translation - Readers from different fields, Interpretation – Person/group from different profession

Unit -II

•Methods of Translation and Interpretation

•Review of sample translations

Unit -III

•Practical Translation: Odia to other languages and vice versa

•Interpretation practice: Odia to other languages and vice versa

AEC A I: Translation and Interpretation in Manipuri

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Unit -I: Translation and Interpretation: Introduction

•Basic requirements: Knowledge of SL and TL, grammar, vocabulary, usages, and sentence structures

•Types: Literary, administrative, legal, technical, and others

•Target groups: Translation - Readers from different fields, Interpretation – Person/group from different profession

Unit -II

•Methods of Translation and Interpretation

•Review of sample translations

Unit -III

•Practical Translation: Manipuri to other languages and vice versa

•Interpretation practice: Manipur to other languages and vice versa

AEC A I: Translation and Interpretation in Marathi

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Unit -I: Translation and Interpretation: Introduction

•Basic requirements: Knowledge of SL and TL, grammar, vocabulary, usages, and sentence structures

•Types: Literary, administrative, legal, technical, and others

•Target groups: Translation - Readers from different fields, Interpretation – Person/group from different profession

Unit -II

•Methods of Translation and Interpretation

•Review of sample translations

Unit -III

•Practical Translation: Odia to other languages and vice versa

•Interpretation practice: Odia to other languages and vice versa

AEC A I: Translation and Interpretation in Nepali

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💡 Why are Smart DU Notes better than normal DU SOL Notes?

Unit -I: Translation and Interpretation: Introduction

•Basic requirements: Knowledge of SL and TL, grammar, vocabulary, usages, and sentence structures

•Types: Literary, administrative, legal, technical, and others

•Target groups: Translation - Readers from different fields, Interpretation – Person/group from different profession

Unit -II

•Methods of Translation and Interpretation

•Review of sample translations

Unit -III

•Practical Translation: Nepali to other languages and vice versa

•Interpretation practice: Nepali to other languages and vice versa

AEC A I: Translation and Interpretation in Odia

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Unit -I: Translation and Interpretation: Introduction

•Basic requirements: Knowledge of SL and TL, grammar, vocabulary, usages, and sentence structures

•Types: Literary, administrative, legal, technical, and others

•Target groups: Translation - Readers from different fields, Interpretation – Person/group from different profession

Unit -II

•Methods of Translation and Interpretation

•Review of sample translations

Unit -III

•Practical Translation: Odia to other languages and vice versa

•Interpretation practice: Odia to other languages and vice versa

AEC A I: Translation and Interpretation in Santali

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Unit -I: Translation and Interpretation: Introduction

•Basic requirements: Knowledge of SL and TL, grammar, vocabulary, usages, and sentence structures

•Types: Literary, administrative, legal, technical, and others

•Target groups: Translation - Readers from different fields, Interpretation – Person/group from different profession

Unit -II

•Methods of Translation and Interpretation

•Review of sample translations

Unit -III

•Practical Translation: Santali to other languages and vice versa

•Interpretation practice: Santali to other languages and vice versa

AEC A I: Translation and Interpretation in Sindhi

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Unit -I

•Translation and Interpretation: Introduction

•Basic requirements: Knowledge of SL and TL, grammar, vocabulary, usages, and sentence structures

•Types: Literary and Non-Literary

•Target groups: Translation - Readers from different fields; Interpretation – Person/group from different profession

Unit -II

•Methods of Translation and Interpretation

Unit -III

•Practical Translation: Sindhi to other languages and vice versa

AEC A I: Translation and Interpretation in Tamil

DU SOL Notes

15.7 MB

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Unit -I

•Translation and Interpretation: Introduction:

•History of Tamil Translation & Interpretation, qualities of Translator & Interpreter.

•Purpose, Problems & Usages of Translation & Interpretation.

•Basic requirements: Knowledge of Source Language (SL) and Target Language (TL)

•Target groups: Translation - Readers from different fields; Interpretation - Person/group from different profession

Unit -II

•Methods, Types and Review:

•Methods of Translation and Interpretation

•Types: Literary, Administrative, Legal, Technical, and Knowledge based etc.

•Review of sample translations

Unit -III

•Practical Translation & Interpretation:

•Practical Translation: Tamil to other languages and vice versa

•Interpretation practice: Tamil to other languages and vice versa

AEC A I: Translation and Interpretation in Telugu

DU SOL Notes

12.0 MB

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💡 Why are Smart DU Notes better than normal DU SOL Notes?

Unit -I

•Translation and Interpretation: An introduction

•Translator, features of the translator, advantages of the translation

•Basic requirements: Knowledge of source language and target language, basic grammar, vocabulary, usages, and sentence structures

•Types: Literary, administrative, legal, technical and others

•Target groups: Translation - Readers from different fields; Interpretation – Person/group from different profession

Unit -II

•Translation Theories, Methods and Problems of translation

•History of translation in Telugu

•Different translation theories

•Methods of translation and interpretation

•Problems with translation

•Review of sample translations

Unit -III

•Practical and Machine Translation and Interpretation practice

•Practical Translation: Telugu to other languages and vice versa

•Use of digital tools in Translation: Telugu to other languages and vice versa

•Interpretation practice: Telugu to other languages and vice versa

AEC A I: Translation and Interpretation in Maithili

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💡 Why are Smart DU Notes better than normal DU SOL Notes?

Unit -I: Translation and Interpretation: Introduction

•Basic requirements: Knowledge of SL and TL, grammar, vocabulary, usages, and sentence structures

•Types: Literary and Non-Literary i.e. legal, administrative, technical, business and others

•Target groups: Translation - Readers from different fields, Interpretation – Person/group from different profession

Unit –II

•Methods of Translation and Interpretation

•Review of translated works: A few case studies

Unit –III

•Practical Translation: Maithili to other languages and vice versa

•Interpreting the nature of translation: Maithili to other languages and vice versa

🗣️ Indian Languages (Basic) Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Santali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu

+

AEC B I: Basic Assamese

DU SOL Notes

1.5 MB

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Unit -I

•Introduction to sounds and letters

•Vowels & Vowel signs

•Consonants & Consonant Clusters

•Syllable

•Numerical digits

•Framing words

Unit -II

•Parts of Speech & Framing Sentences

•Introduction to parts of speech

•Framing basic sentences for communication

•Introduction to Punctuation marks

Unit -III

•Vocabulary

•Everyday vocabulary

•Reading & writing

AEC B I: Basic Bengali

DU SOL Notes

9.1 MB

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Unit -I

•Introduction to sounds along with sound-images (alphabets and numbers)

Unit -II

•Introduction to Noun, Pronoun, Prepositions

Unit -III

•Everyday Vocabulary

AEC B I: Basic Bodo

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Unit -I

•Introduction to sounds along with sound-images (alphabets and numbers)

Unit -II

•Introduction to Noun, Pronoun, Prepositions

Unit -III

•Everyday Vocabulary

AEC B I: Basic Dogri

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Unit -I

•Introduction to sounds along with sound-images (alphabets and numbers)

Unit -II

•Introduction to Noun, Pronoun, Prepositions

Unit -III

•Everyday Vocabulary

AEC B I: Basic Gujarati

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💡 Why are Smart DU Notes better than normal DU SOL Notes?

Unit -I

•Introduction to Gujarati Vowel & Consonant sounds & along with the sound-image

•Script introduction

•Introduction of Numerals (up to 100)

Unit -II

•Introduction to Gujarati Noun & Pronoun, its Subjunctives

•Gujarati qualifiers/adjectives

•Gujarati prepositions

•Conjunctions and its usage

•Introduction to Verb & Time/Tense

•Conjugation of different verbs

Unit -III

•Making simple sentences in Gujarati (basic syntactical rules)

•Making Negative sentences in Gujarati

•Making Interrogative sentences in Gujarati

AEC B I: Basic Kannada

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Unit -I

•Introduction to sounds along with sound-images (alphabets and numbers)

Unit –II

•Introduction to Noun, Pronoun, Prepositions

Unit –III

•Everyday Vocabulary

AEC B I: Basic Kashmiri

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Unit -I

•Introduction to sounds along with sound-images (alphabets and numbers)

Unit -II

•Introduction to Noun, Pronoun, Prepositions

Unit -III

•Everyday Vocabulary

AEC B I: Basic Konkani

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Unit -I

•Introduction to sounds along with sound-images (alphabets and numbers)

Unit -II

•Introduction to Noun, Pronoun, Prepositions

Unit -III

•Everyday Vocabulary

AEC B I: Basic Maithili

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Unit -I

•Introduction to sounds along with sound-images (alphabets and numbers)

Unit -II

•Introduction to Noun, Pronoun, Prepositions

Unit -III

•Everyday Vocabulary

AEC B I: Basic Malayalam

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Unit -I

•Introduction to sounds along with sound-images (alphabets and numbers)

Unit -II

•Introduction to Noun, Pronoun, Prepositions

Unit -III

•Everyday Vocabulary

AEC B I: Basic Manipuri

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Unit -I

•Introduction to sounds along with sound-images (alphabets and numbers)

Unit –II

•Introduction to Noun, Pronoun, Prepositions

Unit -III

•Everyday Vocabulary

AEC B I: Basic Marathi

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Unit -I

•Introduction to sounds along with sound-images (alphabets and numbers)

Unit -II

•Introduction to Noun, Pronoun, Prepositions

Unit -III

•Everyday Vocabulary

AEC B I: Basic Nepali

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💡 Why are Smart DU Notes better than normal DU SOL Notes?

Unit -I

•Introduction to sounds along with sound-images (alphabets and numbers)

Unit -II

•Introduction to Noun, Pronoun, Prepositions

Unit -III

•Everyday Vocabulary

AEC B I: Basic Odia

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Unit -I

•Introduction to sounds along with sound-images (alphabets and numbers)

Unit -II

•Introduction to Noun, Pronoun, Prepositions

Unit -III

•Everyday Vocabulary

AEC B I: Basic Santali

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Unit –I

•Introduction to sounds along with sound-images (alphabets and numbers)

Unit -II

•Introduction to Noun, Pronoun, Prepositions

Unit -III

•Everyday Vocabulary

AEC B I: Basic Sindhi

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Unit -I

•Introduction to sounds along with sound-images (alphabets and numbers)

Unit -II

•Introduction to Noun, Pronoun, Prepositions

Unit -III

•Everyday Vocabulary, idioms & proverbs

AEC B I: Basic Tamil

DU SOL Notes

11.5 MB

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💡 Why are Smart DU Notes better than normal DU SOL Notes?

Unit -I

•Introduction to sounds along with sound –images (Alphabets and Numbers)

•Script introduction

•Introduction of Numerals (up to 100)

Unit -II

•Introduction to Noun, Pronoun & Prepositions

•Introducing basic simple Tamil sentence formation (NP – NP structure)

Unit –III

•Everyday Vocabulary

AEC B I: Basic Telugu

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Unit -I

•Introduction to Telugu Vowel & Consonant sounds & along with the sound-image

•Script introduction

•Introduction of Numerals (up to 100)

Unit -II

•Introduction to Telugu Noun & Pronoun, its Subjunctives

•Telugu qualifiers/adjectives

•Telugu prepositions

•Conjunctions and their usage

•Introduction to Verb & Time/Tense

•Conjugation of different verbs

Unit -III

•Making simple sentences in Telugu (basic syntactical rules)

•Making Negative sentences in Telugu

•Making Interrogative sentences in Telugu