NEET SureShot Notes — High-Yield, Exam-Focused
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⚛️ Physics SureShot Notes
Covers all 20 Units of the Official Syllabus
Unit 1: Physics and Measurement
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Units of measurements, System of Units, S I Units, fundamental and derived units, least count, significant figures, Errors in measurements, Dimensions of Physics quantities, dimensional analysis, and its applications.
Unit 2: Kinematics
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The frame of reference, motion in a straight line, Position- time graph, speed and velocity; Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity, uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time, position-time graph, relations for uniformly accelerated motion, Scalars and Vectors, Vector. Addition and subtraction, scalar and vector products, Unit Vector, Resolution of a Vector. Relative Velocity, Motion in a plane, Projectile Motion, Uniform Circular Motion.
Unit 3: Laws of Motion
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Force and inertia, Newton’s First law of motion; Momentum, Newton’s Second Law of motion, Impulses; Newton’s Third Law of motion. Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications. Equilibrium of concurrent forces. Static and Kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction. Dynamics of uniform circular motion: centripetal force and its applications: vehicle on a level circular road, vehicle on a banked road.
Unit 4: Work, Energy, and Power
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Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic and potential energies, work-energy theorem, power. The potential energy of spring conservation of mechanical energy, conservative and nonconservative forces; motion in a vertical circle: Elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.
Unit 5: Rotational Motion
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Centre of the mass of a two-particle system, Centre of the mass of a rigid body; Basic concepts of rotational motion; moment of a force; torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum and its applications; The moment of inertia, the radius of gyration, values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, and their applications. Equilibrium of rigid bodies, rigid body rotation and equations of rotational motion, comparison of linear and rotational motions.
Unit 6: Gravitation
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The universal law of gravitation. Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth. Kepler’s law of planetary motion. Gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential. Escape velocity, Motion of a satellite, orbital velocity, time period and energy of satellite.
Unit 7: Properties of Solids and Liquids
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Elastic behaviour, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke's Law. Young's modulus, bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity. Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal's law and its applications. Effect of gravity on fluid pressure. Viscosity. Stokes' law. terminal velocity, streamline, and turbulent flow. critical velocity. Bernoulli's principle and its applications. Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, excess of pressure across a curved surface, application of surface tension - drops, bubbles, and capillary rise. Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; specific heat capacity, calorimetry; change of state, latent heat. Heat transferconduction, convection, and radiation.
Unit 8: Thermodynamics
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Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, the concept of temperature. Heat, work, and internal energy. The first law of thermodynamics, isothermal and adiabatic processes. The second law of thermodynamics: reversible and irreversible processes.
Unit 9: Kinetic Theory of Gases
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Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas, Kinetic theory of gases - assumptions, the concept of pressure. Kinetic interpretation of temperature: RMS speed of gas molecules: Degrees of freedom. Law of equipartition of energy and applications to specific heat capacities of gases; Mean free path. Avogadro's number.
Unit 10: Oscillations and Waves
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Oscillations and periodic motion – time period, frequency, displacement as a function of time. Periodic functions. Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) and its equation; phase: oscillations of a spring -restoring force and force constant: energy in S.H.M. - Kinetic and potential energies; Simple pendulum - derivation of expression for its time period: Wave motion. Longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of travelling wave. Displacement relation for a progressive wave. Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves. Standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics. Beats.
Unit 11: Electrostatics
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Electric charges: Conservation of charge. Coulomb's law forces between two point charges, forces between multiple charges: superposition principle and continuous charge distribution. Electric field: Electric field due to a point charge, Electric field lines. Electric dipole, Electric field due to a dipole. Torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field. Electric flux. Gauss's law and its applications to find field due to infinitely long uniformly charged straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet, and uniformly charged thin spherical shell. Electric potential and its calculation for a point charge, electric dipole and system of charges; potential difference, Equipotential surfaces, Electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field. Conductors and insulators. Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitors and capacitances, the combination of capacitors in series and parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates. Energy stored in a capacitor.
Unit 12: Current Electricity
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Electric current. Drift velocity, mobility and their relation with electric current.. Ohm's law. Electrical resistance.. V-l characteristics of Ohmic and non-ohmic conductors. Electrical energy and power. Electrical resistivity and conductivity. Series and parallel combinations of resistors; Temperature dependence of resistance. Internal resistance, potential difference and emf of a cell, a combination of cells in series and parallel. Kirchhoff’s laws and their applications. Wheatstone bridge. Metre Bridge.
Unit 13: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism
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Biot - Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop. Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long current carrying straight wire and solenoid. Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields. Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. The force between two parallel currents carrying conductors-definition of ampere. Torque experienced by a current loop in a uniform magnetic field: Moving coil galvanometer, its sensitivity, and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter. Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment. Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; Magnetic field due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis. Torque on a magnetic dipole in a uniform magnetic field. Para-, dia- and ferromagnetic substances with examples, effect of temperature on magnetic properties.
Unit 14: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents
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Electromagnetic induction: Faraday's law. Induced emf and current: Lenz’s Law, Eddy currents. Self and mutual inductance. Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/ voltage: reactance and impedance: LCR series circuit, resonance: power in AC circuits, wattless current. AC generator and transformer.
Unit 15: Electromagnetic Waves
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Displacement current. Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics, Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves, Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet. X-rays. Gamma rays), Applications of e.m. waves.
Unit 16: Optics
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Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula. Refraction of light at plane and spherical surfaces, thin lens formula and lens maker formula. Total internal reflection and its applications. Magnification. Power of a Lens. Combination of thin lenses in contact. Refraction of light through a prism. Microscope and Astronomical Telescope (reflecting and refracting ) and their magnifying powers. Wave optics: wavefront and Huygens' principle. Laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens principle. Interference, Young's double-slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources, and sustained interference of light. Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum.. Polarization, plane-polarized light: Brewster's law, uses of plane-polarized light and Polaroid.
Unit 17: Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation
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Dual nature of radiation. Photoelectric effect. Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation: particle nature of light. Matter waves-wave nature of particle, de Broglie relation.
Unit 18: Atoms and Nuclei
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Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum. Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, nuclear fission, and fusion.
Unit 19: Electronic Devices
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Semiconductors; semiconductor diode: I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias; diode as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED. the photodiode, solar cell, and Zener diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator.. Logic gates (OR. AND. NOT. NAND and NOR).
Unit 20: Experimental Skills
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Familiarity with the basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities: Vernier calipers, Screw gauge, Simple Pendulum, Metre Scale, Young's modulus, Surface tension, Co-efficient of Viscosity, Speed of sound, Specific heat capacity, resistivity, resistance using Ohm's law, galvanometer deflection, focal length of mirrors and lenses, triangular prism deviation.
🧪 Chemistry SureShot Notes
Covers Physical, Inorganic, and Organic Chemistry
Unit 1: Some Basic Concepts in Chemistry
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Matter and its nature, Dalton's atomic theory: Concept of atom, molecule, element, and compound:: Laws of chemical combination; Atomic and molecular masses, mole concept, molar mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formulae: Chemical equations and stoichiometry.
Unit 2: Atomic Structure
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Nature of electromagnetic radiation, photoelectric effect; Spectrum of the hydrogen atom. Bohr model of a hydrogen atom, dual nature of matter, de Broglie's relationship. Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Elementary ideas of quantum mechanics, shapes of s, p, and d - orbitals, electron spin and spin quantum number: Rules for filling electrons in orbitals – Aufbau principle. Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule.
Unit 3: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
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Kossel - Lewis approach to chemical bond formation, the concept of ionic and covalent bonds. Ionic Bonding: Formation of ionic bonds, factors affecting the formation of ionic bonds; calculation of lattice enthalpy. Covalent Bonding: Concept of electronegativity. Fajan’s rule, dipole moment: VSEPR theory and shapes of simple molecules. Valence bond theory, hybridization involving s, p, and d orbitals; Resonance. Molecular Orbital Theory.
Unit 4: Chemical Thermodynamics
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Fundamentals of thermodynamics: System and surroundings, extensive and intensive properties, state functions, types of processes. The first law of thermodynamics, Hess’s law of constant heat summation. The second law of thermodynamics - Spontaneity of processes; Gibbs energy change and equilibrium constant.
Unit 5: Solutions
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Different methods for expressing the concentration of solution - molality, molarity, mole fraction, percentage. Raoult's Law - Ideal and non-ideal solutions. Colligative properties of dilute solutions - a relative lowering of vapour pressure, depression of freezing point, the elevation of boiling point and osmotic pressure. Abnormal value of molar mass, van’t Hoff factor.
Unit 6: Equilibrium
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Meaning of equilibrium, the concept of dynamic equilibrium. Equilibria involving physical processes: Solid-liquid, liquid - gas and solid-gas equilibria, Henry's law. Equilibrium involving chemical processes: Law of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constants (Kp and Kc), Le Chatelier’s principle. Ionic equilibrium: Weak and strong electrolytes, ionization of electrolytes, Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis concepts. pH scale, common ion effect, hydrolysis of salts, solubility products, buffer solutions.
Unit 7: Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry
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Electronic concepts of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, balancing of redox reactions. Electrolytic and metallic conduction, Kohlrausch’s law. Electrochemical cells - Electrolytic and Galvanic cells, Nernst equation and its applications; Dry cell and lead accumulator; Fuel cells.
Unit 8: Chemical Kinetics
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Rate of a chemical reaction, factors affecting the rate of reactions: concentration, temperature, pressure, and catalyst; elementary and complex reactions, order and molecularity of reactions, rate law, rate constant and its units, differential and integral forms of zero and first-order reactions, Arrhenius theory, activation energy, collision theory.
Unit 9: Classification of Elements and Periodicity
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Modem periodic law and present form of the periodic table, s, p. d and f block elements, periodic trends in properties of elements atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states, and chemical reactivity.
Unit 10: p - Block Elements
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Group -13 to Group 18 Elements. General Introduction: Electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements across the periods and down the groups; unique behaviour of the first element in each group.
Unit 11: d - and f - Block Elements
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Transition Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics, general trends in properties. Preparation, properties, and uses of K2Cr2O7, and KMnO4. Inner Transition Elements: Lanthanoids and Actinoids.
Unit 12: Co-ordination Compounds
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Introduction to coordination compounds. Werner's theory; ligands, coordination number, denticity, chelation; IUPAC nomenclature, isomerism; Bonding-Valence bond approach and Crystal field theory, colour and magnetic properties.
Unit 13: Purification and Characterisation of Organic Compounds
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Purification - Crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction, and chromatography. Qualitative analysis - Detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, and halogens. Quantitative analysis - Estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur, phosphorus. Calculations of empirical formulae and molecular formulae.
Unit 14: Some Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry
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Tetravalency of carbon: Shapes of simple molecules - hybridization. Classification of organic compounds. Isomerism - structural and stereoisomerism. Nomenclature. Covalent bond fission - Homolytic and heterolytic. Electronic displacement in a covalent bond - Inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance, and hyperconjugation. Common types of organic reactions.
Unit 15: Hydrocarbons
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Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation, properties, and reactions of Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic hydrocarbons (Benzene).
Unit 16: Organic Compounds Containing Halogens
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General methods of preparation, properties, and reactions; Nature of C-X bond; Mechanisms of substitution reactions. Uses; Environmental effects of chloroform, iodoform freons, and DDT.
Unit 17: Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen
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General methods of preparation, properties, reactions, and uses of Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, Aldehyde and Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids.
Unit 18: Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen
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General methods of preparation. Properties, reactions, and uses of Amines (primary, secondary, and tertiary) and Diazonium Salts.
Unit 19: Biomolecules
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General introduction and importance of biomolecules. Carbohydrates (Classification, aldoses and ketoses). Proteins (amino acids, peptide bonds, structure, enzymes). Vitamins. Nucleic Acids (DNA and RNA). Hormones.
Unit 20: Principles Related to Practical Chemistry
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Detection of extra elements and functional groups in organic compounds. Chemistry involved in the preparation of Inorganic compounds and Organic compounds. Titrimetric exercises and qualitative salt analysis.
🧬 Biology SureShot Notes
Covers Botany and Zoology (All 10 Units)
Unit 1: Diversity in Living World
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What is living?; Biodiversity; Need for classification; Taxonomy & Systematics; Concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; Binomial nomenclature; Five kingdom classification; Salient features and classification of plants (Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms) and animals (nonchordate up to phyla level and chordate up to classes level).
Unit 2: Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants
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Morphology and modifications; Tissues; Anatomy and functions of different parts of flowering plants: Root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit and seed. Animal tissues; Morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems of an insect (Frog).
Unit 3: Cell Structure and Function
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Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life; Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell; Cell envelope, cell membrane, cell wall; Cell organelles-structure and function. Chemical constituents of living cells: Biomolecules. Cell division: Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance.
Unit 4: Plant Physiology
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Photosynthesis: Photochemical and biosynthetic phases; Cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation; Chemiosmotic hypothesis; Photorespiration C3 and C4 pathways. Respiration: Cellular respiration-glycolysis, fermentation, TCA cycle and electron transport system. Plant growth and development: Seed germination, Growth regulators.
Unit 5: Human Physiology
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Breathing and Respiration. Body fluids and circulation: Composition of blood, Human circulatory system, ECG, Double circulation. Excretory products and their elimination: Human excretory system, Urine formation, Osmoregulation. Locomotion and Movement: Skeletal muscle, Skeletal system, Joints. Neural control and coordination: Neuron and nerves, CNS, PNS. Chemical coordination and regulation: Endocrine glands and hormones.
Unit 6: Reproduction
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Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure, Pollination, Double fertilization, Post fertilization events. Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems, Gametogenesis, Menstrual cycle, Fertilisation, embryo development. Reproductive health: STD, Birth control, Contraception, MTP, Amniocentesis, Infertility and ART (IVF, ZIFT, GIFT).
Unit 7: Genetics and Evolution
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Heredity and variation: Mendelian Inheritance, Deviations from Mendelism, Chromosome theory of inheritance, Sex determination, Linkage and crossing over, Sex-linked inheritance, Mendelian and Chromosomal disorders. Molecular basis of Inheritance: DNA, RNA, Central dogma, Transcription, translation, Gene expression. Evolution: Origin of life, Biological evolution, Darwin’s contribution, Mechanism of evolution, Hardy-Weinberg’s principle, Human evolution.
Unit 8: Biology and Human Welfare
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Health and Disease; Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases; Basic concepts of immunology-vaccines; Cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence, drug and alcohol abuse. Microbes in human welfare: In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers.
Unit 9: Biotechnology and Its Applications
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Principles and process of Biotechnology: Genetic engineering (Recombinant DNA technology). Application of Biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, gene therapy; Genetically modified organisms-Bt crops; Transgenic Animals; Biosafety issues-Biopiracy and patents.
Unit 10: Ecology and Environment
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Organisms and environment: Population interactions, Population attributes. Ecosystem: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; Energy flow; Pyramids of number, biomass, energy. Biodiversity and its conservation: Concept, Patterns, Importance, Loss, Hotspots, endangered organisms, Red Data Book, biosphere reserves, National parks and sanctuaries.
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