Class 6 Science Ch 3: Fibre to Fabric | CBSE

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Fibre to Fabric - Science Notes for CBSE Class 6

Fibre to Fabric

Class 6 Science (Chapter 3)

CBSE NCERT Notes

Chapter Summary

  • Introduction to Fabric: Clothes are made from fabrics. Fabrics are made from yarns, and yarns are made from thin strands called fibres.
  • Types of Fibres: Fibres are broadly classified into two types:
    • Natural Fibres: Obtained from plants and animals. Examples: Cotton, Jute (from plants); Wool, Silk (from animals).
    • Synthetic Fibres: Man-made fibres, synthesized from chemical substances. Examples: Polyester, Nylon, Acrylic.
  • Plant Fibres:
    • Cotton:
      • Source: Obtained from the fruits of the cotton plant, called cotton bolls.
      • Harvesting: Cotton bolls burst open on ripening, exposing the seeds covered with cotton fibres. Cotton is usually picked by hand.
      • Ginning: The process of separating cotton fibres from their seeds is called ginning. Traditionally, ginning was done by hand, but now machines are also used.
      • Uses: Making clothes, bedsheets, towels, curtains, surgical cotton, wicks for oil lamps.
    • Jute:
      • Source: Obtained from the stem of the jute plant.
      • Cultivation: Jute is cultivated during the rainy season. In India, it is mainly grown in West Bengal, Bihar, and Assam.
      • Processing: The stems of the jute plant are harvested, then immersed in water for a few days until they rot. The fibres are then separated by hand.
      • Uses: Making bags, sacks, mats, ropes, yarn, carpets.
  • Animal Fibres:
    • Wool: Obtained from the fleece (hair) of sheep, goat, yak, and other animals like camel and rabbit. It is used to make warm clothing.
    • Silk: Obtained from the cocoon of the silkworm. Silk fibre is known for its smooth texture and strength, used for making luxurious fabrics.
  • From Fibre to Yarn (Spinning):
    • The process of making yarn from fibres is called spinning.
    • In this process, a mass of cotton fibres (or other fibres) are drawn out and twisted. This brings the fibres together to form a yarn.
    • Tools for spinning: Takli (hand spindle) and Charkha (hand-operated device). Mahatma Gandhi popularized the Charkha as part of the Indian independence movement.
    • On a larger scale, spinning is done with the help of machines.
  • From Yarn to Fabric: Once yarn is made, it can be converted into fabric by various methods.
    • Weaving: The process of arranging two sets of yarns together to make a fabric is called weaving.
      • It is done on looms, which are either hand-operated (handlooms) or power-operated (power looms).
    • Knitting: In knitting, a single yarn is used to make a piece of fabric.
      • Examples: Sweaters, socks, and many other fabric items are made by knitting.
      • Knitting can be done by hand or by machines.
  • History of Clothing Materials:
    • Early humans used large leaves, bark of trees, or animal skins and furs to cover themselves.
    • After settling in agricultural communities, they learned to weave twigs and grass into mats and baskets.
    • Later, they started twisting animal fleece or hair and plant fibres into long strands, which were then woven into fabrics.
    • In ancient India, cotton was grown near the river Ganga and used for making fabrics.
    • In ancient Egypt, cotton as well as flax (another plant fibre) were cultivated near the river Nile and used for making fabrics.
    • In earlier times, people simply draped fabrics around different parts of their body. Even today, many unstitched pieces of fabric are used, such as the saree, dhoti, lungi, and turban.
    • With the invention of the sewing needle, people started stitching fabrics to make clothes.

Questions and Answers

1. Classify the following fibres as natural or synthetic: nylon, wool, cotton, silk, polyester, jute.

Answer:

  • Natural Fibres: Wool, Cotton, Silk, Jute
  • Synthetic Fibres: Nylon, Polyester

2. State whether the following statements are true or false:

  1. Yarn is made from fibres.
  2. Spinning is a process of making fibres.
  3. Jute is the outer covering of coconut.
  4. The process of removing seeds from cotton is called ginning.
  5. Weaving of yarn makes a piece of fabric.
  6. Silk fibre is obtained from the stem of a plant.
  7. Polyester is a natural fibre.

Answer:

  1. True
  2. False (Spinning is a process of making yarn from fibres)
  3. False (Jute is obtained from the stem of the jute plant; coir is obtained from coconut)
  4. True
  5. True
  6. False (Silk fibre is obtained from the cocoon of the silkworm, an animal)
  7. False (Polyester is a synthetic fibre)

3. Fill in the blanks:

  1. Plant fibres are obtained from _______ and _______.
  2. Animal fibres are obtained from _______ and _______.

Answer:

  1. Plant fibres are obtained from cotton and jute.
  2. Animal fibres are obtained from wool and silk.

4. From which parts of the plant are cotton and jute obtained?

Answer:

  • Cotton: Cotton is obtained from the fruits of the cotton plant, called cotton bolls.
  • Jute: Jute is obtained from the stem of the jute plant.

5. Name two items that are made from coconut fibre.

Answer: Two items made from coconut fibre (coir) are:

  • Mats
  • Ropes
  • Door mats (also acceptable)

6. Explain the process of making yarn from fibre.

Answer: The process of making yarn from fibres is called spinning. In this process, fibres from a mass of cotton (or other fibre) are drawn out and twisted. This twisting brings the fibres together to form a strong yarn. For example, a mass of cotton wool is held, and some cotton is gently pulled out while continuously twisting it. This forms a yarn. Spinning can be done using simple hand-operated devices like a 'takli' (hand spindle) or a 'charkha'. On a larger scale, spinning is done using machines.

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